Jharkhand - Region Profile

Jharkhand is the most recently developed state so far in eastern India. Earlier it belonged to the state Bihar; and is formed by separating the southern part of Bihar, on 15^th November 2000. Jharkhand has an area of 7.97 million ha and has a population of 32.96 million, 28% of which consists of tribal people. The state is very famous for its mineral resources. Table 1 illustrates the current area, productivity and production statistics of major crops in Jharkhand.

Nutrient consumption in Jharkhand in the past decade is given in Fig. 2. The state of Jharkhand witnessed steep decline in consumption of total fertilizer nutrients by about 48% in 2013-14 over the previous year. Total fertilizer nutrient consumption went down from 197.6 thousand MT during 2012-13 to 103.5 thousand MT during 2013-14. The growth in consumption was negative in both the seasons. Kharif : Rabi share in total fertilizer consumption changed from 40:60 in 2012-13 to 62:38 during 2013-14.

All the three nutrients registered negative growth during the period. The consumption of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O at 82.5, 17.3 and 3.7 thousand MT, declined by 26.3%, 77.3% and 62% respectively during 2013-14 over 2012-13. The NPK use ratio in the state had undergone drastic change from 11.5:7.8:1 during 2012-13 to 22.4:4.7:1 during 2013-14. The per hectare consumption of total fertilizer nutrients went down from 157.5 kg during 2012-13 to 82.5 kg during 2013-14. Using the area and production of major crops, the total nutrient (N, P₂O₅ and K₂O) removal by each crop was calculated and a nutrient balance sheet was prepared (table 2).

Table 1: Latest Crop Production Statistics of Jharkhand-2012-13

Parameters	Rice	Wheat	Maize	Total Cereals	Gram	Total Pulses	Total Foodgrains	Total Oilseeds	Sugarcane
Area	1414.5	164.3	249.3	1843	138.3	587	2430	250.6	6.7
Production	3164.9	319.5	451.7	3948.2	162.3	609.3	4557.5	197.2	461.9
Productivity	2238	1944	1812	2142	1174	1038	1876	787	69042

Area ('000 ha); Production ('000 tonnes); Productivity (kg/ha); # Production and Productivity in 1000 bales of 180 kg each

Table 2: Nutrient balance sheet for major crops of Jharkhand (2012-13)

Crop	Area (in '000 ha)	Production (in '000 tonnes)	Nutrient Removal (kg/tonne)			Total Removal (tonnes)
			N	P2O5	K2O	N	P2O5	K2O
Rice	1414.5	3164.9	20.1	11.2	30	63614.49	35446.88	94947
Wheat	164.3	319.5	24.4	8.6	32.8	7795.8	2747.7	10479.6
Maize	249.3	451.7	8.2	3.1	15.5	3703.94	1400.27	7001.35
Total Pulses	587	609.3	40	5	20	24372	3046.5	12186
Total Oilseeds	250.6	197.2	54	14	46	10648.8	2760.8	9071.2
Sugarcane	6.7	461.9	1.7	0.2	2	785.23	92.38	923.8
		Total removal by major crops				110920.3	45494.53	134609
		Total fertilizer consumption in Jharkhand				111830	76080	9710
		Consumption * Efficiency factor				44732	22824	6797
		Balance/Deficit				-66188.3	-22670.5	-127812

Efficiency of N=40%; P2O5= 30%; and K2O=70%

*Crop production and fertilizer use data are retrieved from Fertiliser Statistics, 2013-14, The Fertiliser Association of India, New Delhi