Uttar Pradesh - Region Profile

Uttar Pradesh with a total area of 24.09 million hectare, is India’s fifth largest state in terms of land area. The state has both a large population and a high population growth rate. It is the most populous state in India, with a population of 199.5 million as of 1 March 2011. The population density is 828 people per square kilometer, making it one of the most densely populated states in the country. During the decade from 1991 to 2001 its population increased by over 25.8%. Agriculture is the leading occupation in Uttar Pradesh. Wheat is the state's principal food crop and sugarcane is the main commercial crop. Table 1 illustrates the current area, productivity and production statistics of major crops in Uttar Pradesh.




Nutrient consumption in Uttar Pradesh in the past decade is given in Fig. 2. Uttar Pradesh continued to be the highest fertilizer consuming state in the country. The consumption of total fertilizer nutrients at 4.025 million MT during 2013-14 represented a negative growth of 13.5% over the previous year. Decline in consumption was noticed in both the seasons for all nutrients except K₂O during Rabi season. Kharif : Rabi share in total fertilizer consumption changed from 43:57 during 2012-13 to 40:60 during 2013-14.

During full year, 2013-14, consumption of N at 3.156 million MT, P₂O₅ at 0.774 million MT and K2O at 0.095 million MT during 2013-14 witnessed negative growth of 5.8%, 33.6% and 28.4%, respectively over 2012-13. NPK use ratio changed from 25.2:8.8:1 during 2012-13 to 33.2:8.1:1 during 2013-14. The per hectare consumption of fertilizer nutrients reduced from 180.2 kg to 156 kg during the period. Using the area and production of major crops, the total nutrient (N, P₂O₅ and K₂O) removal by each crop was calculated and a nutrient balance sheet was prepared (table 2).

Table1: Latest Crop Production Statistics of Uttar Pradesh -2012-13

Parameters	Rice	Wheat	Maize	Total Cereals	Gram	Total Pulses	Total Foodgrains	Total Oilseeds	Sugarcane
Area	5861	9734	736	17593	604	2367	19960	1147	2212
Production	14416	30301.9	1234.5	48413.4	676	2332	50745.5	1030.5	132427.7
Productivity	2460	3113	1677	2752	1119	985	2542	898	59868

Area ('000 ha); Production ('000 tonnes); Productivity (kg/ha); # Production and Productivity in 1000 bales of 180 kg each


Table 2: Nutrient balance sheet for major crops of Uttar Pradesh (2012-13)

Crop	Area (in '000 ha)	Production (in '000 tonnes)	Nutrient Removal (kg/tonne)			Total Removal (tonnes)
			N	P2O5	K2O	N	P2O5	K2O
Rice	5861	14416	20.1	11.2	30	289761.6	161459.2	432480
Wheat	9734	30301.9	24.4	8.6	32.8	739366.4	260596.3	993902.32
Maize	736	1234.5	8.2	3.1	15.5	10122.9	3826.95	19134.75
Total Pulses	2367	2332	40	5	20	93280	11660	46640
Total Oilseeds	1147	1030.5	54	14	46	55647	14427	47403
Sugarcane	2212	132427.7	1.7	0.2	2	225127.1	26485.54	264855.4
		Total removal by major crops				1413305	478455	1804415.5
		Total fertilizer consumption in UP				3351790	1166430	132760
		Consumption * Efficiency factor				1340716	349929	92932
		Balance/Deficit				-72588.95	-128526	-1711483

Efficiency of N=40%; P2O5= 30%; and K2O=70%

*Crop production and fertilizer use data are retrieved from Fertiliser Statistics, 2013-14, The Fertiliser Association of India, New Delhi