Odisha - Region Profile

The State of Odisha (erstwhile Orissa) is located on the eastern coast of India at 20°09' North & 85°30' East and has a geographical area of approximately 15.5 million hectare and net sown area of 5.5 million hectare. Odisha is primarily an agrarian economy. Agriculture is the state's dominant sector with a contribution of nearly 30 per cent to the Net State Domestic Product (NSDP). Table 1 illustrates the current area, productivity and production statistics of major crops in Odisha.

Nutrient consumption in Odisha in the past decade is given in Fig. 2. The consumption of total nutrients in Odisha registered marginal negative growth of 0.6% during 2013-14 over the previous year. Fertilizer consumption in terms of total nutrients reduced from 0.490 million MT in 2012-13 to 0.487 million MT during 2013-14. The consumption of N and P₂O₅ declined but K₂O recorded increase over the previous year. The consumption of N and P₂O₅ at 0.313 million MT and 0.118 million MT registered negative growth of 0.7% and 5.2% respectively, during 2013-14 over 2012-13. The consumption of K₂O at 0.056 million MT, however, witnessed an increase of 10.7% during 2013-14 over 2012-13.

Season wise analysis gives a mixed scenario. Total nutrient consumption of fertilizers increased in Kharif and dropped in Rabi. During Kharif 2013, it increased by 12.3% and in Rabi 2013-14, it went down by 28.4% over the respective seasons in the previous year. Kharif: Rabi share in total fertilizer consumption changed from 68:32 during 2012-13 to 77:23 during 2013-14. NPK use ratio changed from 6.2:2.4:1 during 2012-13 to 5.5:2.1:1 during 2013-14. The per hectare consumption of fertilizer nutrients reduced from 98.8 kg to 98.1 kg during the period. Using the area and production of major crops, the total nutrient (N, P₂O₅ and K₂O) removal by each crop was calculated and a nutrient balance sheet was prepared (table 2).

Table 1: Latest Crop Production Statistics of Odisha-2012-13

Parameters	Rice	Wheat	Maize	Total Cereals	Gram	Total Pulses	Total Foodgrains	Total Oilseeds	Jute#	Sugarcane
Area	4022.8	1	94.5	4203.6	41.2	827.2	5030.8	243.3	1.8	14.5
Production	7295.5	2	227.5	7584.4	31.9	424.4	8008.8	170.3	17.3	952.4
Productivity	1814	1894	2408	1804	774	513	1592	700	1748	65545

Area ('000 ha); Production ('000 tonnes); Productivity (kg/ha); # Production and Productivity in 1000 bales of 180 kg each

Table 2: Nutrient balance sheet for major crops of Odisha (2012-13)

Crop	Area (in '000 ha)	Production (in '000 tonnes)	Nutrient Removal (kg/tonne)			Total Removal (tonnes)
			N	P2O5	K2O	N	P2O5	K2O
Rice	4022.8	7295.5	20.1	11.2	30	146639.55	81709.6	218865
Wheat	1	2	24.4	8.6	32.8	48.8	17.2	65.6
Maize	94.5	227.5	8.2	3.1	15.5	1865.5	705.25	3526.25
Total Pulses	827.2	424.4	40	5	20	16976	2122	8488
Total Oilseeds	243.3	170.3	54	14	46	9196.2	2384.2	7833.8
Sugarcane	14.5	952.4	1.7	0.2	2	1619.08	190.48	1904.8
Jute	1.8	17.3	23.5	13	41.7	406.55	224.9	721.41
		Total removal by major crops				176751.68	87353.63	241404.86
		Total fertilizer consumption in Odisha				315040	124190	50970
		Consumption * Efficiency factor				126016	37257	35679
		Balance/Deficit				-50735.68	-50096.63	-205725.86

Efficiency of N=40%; P2O5= 30%; and K2O=70%

*Crop production and fertilizer use data are retrieved from Fertiliser Statistics, 2013-14, The Fertiliser Association of India, New Delhi