Chhatisgarh - Region Profile

Chhatisgarh is a state in Central India. It is the 10th largest state in India, with an area of 13.5 million hectare. It is the 16th most-populated state of the nation having a total population of 25.5 million. Chhattisgarh is one of the emerging states with relatively high growth rates of Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) (8.2% vs. 7.1% All India over 2002-2008) and per capita NSDP (6.2% vs. 5.4% All India over 2002-2008). The factors associated with Chhattisgarh’s high growth rate are growth in agriculture and industrial production. Agriculture is counted as the chief economic occupation of the state. The main crops are rice, maize and other small millets and pulses; oilseeds, such as groundnut, soybean and sunflower, are also grown. Table 1 illustrates the current area, productivity and production statistics of major crops.

Nutrient consumption in Chhattisgarh in the past decade is given in Fig. 2. The consumption of total fertilizer nutrients increased in the state by 17% from a total of 0.602 million MT in 2012-13 to 0.704 million MT during 2013-14. The consumption of total nutrients increased by 7.6% in Kharif 2012 and 37.5% in Rabi 2013-14 over the respective seasons in the previous year. Kharif : Rabi share in total consumption changed from 69:31 in 2012-13 to 63:37 during 2013-14.

During full year, the consumption of N at 0.430 million MT, P₂O₅ at 0.197 million MT and K₂O at 0.076 million MT during 2013-14 increased by 14.7%, 9.7% and 63.8%, respectively, over the previous year. NPK use ratio changed from 8.1:3.9:1 to 5.6:2.6:1 during the period. The per hectare consumption of fertilizer nutrients reduced from 106.2 kg to 124.3 kg during the period. Using the area and production of major crops, the total nutrient (N, P₂O₅ and K₂O) removal by each crop was calculated and a nutrient balance sheet was prepared (table 2).

Table 1: Latest Crop Production Statistics of Chhattisgarh- 2012-13

Parameters	Rice	Wheat	Maize	Total Cereals	Gram	Total Pulses	Total Foodgrains	Total Oilseeds	Sugarcane
Area	3784.8	101.2	107.2	4149.7	266.8	926.5	5076.2	297.5	13.5
Production	6608.8	141.3	207.5	6994.8	285.2	648.7	7643.6	215	37.3
Productivity	1746	1396	1936	1686	1069	700	1506	723	2763

Area ('000 ha); Production ('000 tonnes); Productivity (kg/ha); # Production and Productivity in 1000 bales of 180 kg each

Table 2: Nutrient balance sheet for major crops of Chhattisgarh (2012-13)

Crop	Area (in '000 ha)	Production (in '000 tonnes)	Nutrient Removal (kg/tonne)			Total Removal (tonnes)
			N	P2O5	K2O	N	P2O5	K2O
Rice	3784.8	6608.8	20.1	11.2	30	132836.9	74018.56	198264
Wheat	101.2	141.3	24.4	8.6	32.8	3447.72	1215.18	4634.64
Maize	107.2	207.5	8.2	3.1	15.5	1701.5	643.25	3216.25
Total Pulses	926.5	648.7	40	5	20	25948	3243.5	12974
Total Oilseeds	297.5	215	54	14	46	11610	3010	9890
Sugarcane	13.5	37.3	1.7	0.2	2	63.41	7.46	74.6
		Total removal by major crops				175607.5	82137.95	229053.5
		Total fertilizer consumption in Chattisgarh				375180	180000	46520
		Consumption * Efficiency factor				150072	54000	32564
		Balance/Deficit				-25535.5	-28138	-196489

Efficiency of N=40%; P2O5= 30%; and K2O=70%

*Crop production and fertilizer use data are retrieved from Fertilizer Statistics, 2013-14, The Fertilizer Association of India, New Delhi